هام جدا للدبلومه

Method of lesson planning:

@ Each lesson should be reviewed by two steps:

(1) Orally: ð which means; the reading of material, verifying the meanings, checking pronunciation of new words and structures, concentrating on the spelling and paying attention to the use in daily communication.

(2) Writing the lesson plan: ð In the lesson preparation note-book.



. The steps of the lesson planning:

v Step 1: Objectives;

@ Every lesson has two types of objectives;

(1) General objectives.

(2) Specific or instructional objectives.

@ The teacher should write only instructional objectives of each lesson. These objectives should be stated clearly and easy to be achieved. For example:

? After studying the lesson, students will be able to:

v Understand and pronounce the new words correctly.

v Understand and use the new structures correctly.

v Do the following exercises given in the book both orally and in writing.

@ The teacher should ensure that the instructional objectives are clear, definite, and easy to be achieved in the period of class.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 2: Revision of the Previous Lesson:

@ Revision can best be done by asking questions about the previous vocabulary, structures and grammar.

@ The teacher can use the poster or flash cards for quick revision.

@ The objective of revision is to link the new lesson with the previous one to motivate and prepare the learners for the new one.

v Step three: Presentation:

@ At this stage, the teacher should announce his aim and inform the students about the lesson in hand.

? Firstly, he should introduce the new topic orally, starting with conversation on the relevant posters or the pictures given in the book.

? During the conversation, the teacher may write the new words and structures on the board, and teach the meaning and pronunciation of these words.

@ New vocabulary and structures should not be translated; but should be introduced by the following techniques:

(1) By direct association:ð showing objects, models, pictures, ..etc

(2) By drawing illustrations on the blackboard:ð shapes or various objects.

(3) By demonstration, miming, gestures… etc:ð most action verbs, adverbs, and concrete adjectives can be taught by these techniques.

(4) By context:ð Using the words in contexts to show the meaning.

(5) By association of ideas:ð like (comparing words with their opposites – synonyms – simple definitions – meaningful descriptions).

? When all the above techniques have failed, the teacher is advised to translate.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step four: Practicing the new vocabulary and structures:

@ The teacher can introduce many meaningful activities at this stage, avoiding "the Mechanical repetition and rote drill work ". He can use blackboard illustrations and posters. There are many strategies of practicing, like:

? Pair Practice:ð the class can be divided into two teams, facing each other: one team can ask questions and the other can answer.

? Group practice:ð can be under the supervision of the teacher.

? Chorus work of short duration:ð is an economical method of practicing in a large class.

? Calling some boys in front of the class asking them to write on the board, or lead the class turn by turn is an interesting activity.

? The learning games can be introduced.

? Practice can be given by asking pupils to make new words or match the vocabulary or compare and contrast the given material.

@ Moral encouragement and social approval are helpful ways of arousing enthusiasm in the class.

? We can add challenge and creative questions to the practice exercises.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 5: Reading and Writing:

@ The learners can be asked to read the lesson orally in the class. Students can be randomly selected for this purpose. Oral reading will provide further practice in pronunciation and intonation.

@ In addition to reading from the textbook, the teacher can use flash cards for promoting reading skills.

@ In case the text is difficult, the teacher can give a model reading. A tape can be used as a model to be followed by oral reading by boys.

@ Pronunciation mistakes can be written on the blackboard and can be corrected at the end of one's reading.

@ On the other hand, writing can be practiced by giving some exercises in the textbooks.

@ The teacher must do spot-checking while the boys are writing. He must correct the common mistakes collectively and guide his learners individually, as well.

@ If the exercise is not completed in the class, the same can be assigned to learners as homework.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 6: Revision and Recapitulation:

@ Teacher should revise the lesson at least 5 minutes before the ringing of the bell, by asking suitable comprehension questions or inviting the students to have a dialogue or showing the flash cards to the learners to identify the learned vocabulary etc. By revising the lesson, teacher will have a feeling a satisfaction and the boys will have a sense of accomplishment too.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 7: Homework:

@ Towards the end of the class, the teacher should not forget to assign homework to the learners. If not daily, at least two assignments a week should become a policy of the teacher.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 8: Audio visual Aids:

@ The teacher can use such material which could help him make his lesson interesting and effective e.g. the posters, the flash cards, the illustrations, the pictures, the real objects or their models, the tapes … etc.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Some helpful suggestions for teachers in lesson planning and lesson delivering:

(1) Lesson plan should be written in advance and not after delivering the lesson just to show it to the headmaster or the supervisor.

(2) Use of audio-visual aids should be considered, if required.

(3) The language should be taught as one whole and all the four skills should be given in the course of teaching.

(4) "Interest is key to success."ð The teacher should try to avoid boredom. Whenever he find signs of boredom on students' faces, he should change his activity immediately.

(5) The teachers must try their best to make their students active in the lesson. This can be done by varying activities.

(6) The teacher should use extensive use of blackboard and do his best in handwriting and artistic skills.

(7) The teacher should have a keen sense of proportion and distribute his time over various steps judiciously. He should ensure that no skill is ignored and no aspect of the lesson is left out.

Important characteristics of good lesson planning:

v Variety:

@ Routine teaching brings monotony and causes demotivation, and similarity of activities makes boys dull.

@ Variety can promote interest and kill boredom.

@ Changing techniques of teaching, using varied devices, and bringing some outside materials can ameliorate the boring situation which faces the unimaginative teacher.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Flexibility:

@ It means the ability to use any number of different techniques and not to stick to one particular method or activity rigidly. So that, the teacher should always be flexible and never become a slave of either the textbook or any method or approach.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Balance:

@ This means giving attention to all the four skills in a particular lesson, unless the objectives of a lesson demand otherwise.

@ Balance should be created between:

1. teacher's presentation and class practice.

2. oral work and written work.

3. learners' reception and reproduction.

4. controlled work and free work.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Activities:

@ It means what generally the students are going to do or should do in order to learn or practice a certain element of the lesson.

@ Activities like; listening to a story, writing a paragraph, conversation, chorus work, using flash cards, pics…, listening to the tape, singing, clapping, team competition, learning games, oral reading, silent reading ….. etc.

v Use of mother tongue:

@ Using mother tongue in English classes is generally considered obsolete ND Undesirable. So that, the teachers are asked to teach English through the medium of English and to avoid the intervention of the mother tongue. That because language is a skill and the only way to learn the language is by practicing it.

@ The teachers should stop the policy of translating each and every English word in Arabic and leave its use to translation of only difficult abstract words.

@ Concrete nouns, action verbs, and most of the adjectives and adverbs can easily be taught by actions, gestures, demonstration and by showing objects, models and pictures.

@ However, use of Arabic cannot be completely debarred from the English classroom; its use can be brought to bare minimum. All cautions commands and simple instructions should be given in English right from the first day and Arabic should be used only when it is a must and no alternative is left to the teachers.

Rest

Prepared by/ Mr. Ahmed Sayed Taha

( The teacher of English in El-Azhar )

Lesson Planning:

Method of lesson planning:

@ Each lesson should be reviewed by two steps:

(1) Orally: ð which means; the reading of material, verifying the meanings, checking pronunciation of new words and structures, concentrating on the spelling and paying attention to the use in daily communication.

(2) Writing the lesson plan: ð In the lesson preparation note-book.



. The steps of the lesson planning:

v Step 1: Objectives;

@ Every lesson has two types of objectives;

(1) General objectives.

(2) Specific or instructional objectives.

@ The teacher should write only instructional objectives of each lesson. These objectives should be stated clearly and easy to be achieved. For example:

? After studying the lesson, students will be able to:

v Understand and pronounce the new words correctly.

v Understand and use the new structures correctly.

v Do the following exercises given in the book both orally and in writing.

@ The teacher should ensure that the instructional objectives are clear, definite, and easy to be achieved in the period of class.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 2: Revision of the Previous Lesson:

@ Revision can best be done by asking questions about the previous vocabulary, structures and grammar.

@ The teacher can use the poster or flash cards for quick revision.

@ The objective of revision is to link the new lesson with the previous one to motivate and prepare the learners for the new one.

v Step three: Presentation:

@ At this stage, the teacher should announce his aim and inform the students about the lesson in hand.

? Firstly, he should introduce the new topic orally, starting with conversation on the relevant posters or the pictures given in the book.

? During the conversation, the teacher may write the new words and structures on the board, and teach the meaning and pronunciation of these words.

@ New vocabulary and structures should not be translated; but should be introduced by the following techniques:

(1) By direct association:ð showing objects, models, pictures, ..etc

(2) By drawing illustrations on the blackboard:ð shapes or various objects.

(3) By demonstration, miming, gestures… etc:ð most action verbs, adverbs, and concrete adjectives can be taught by these techniques.

(4) By context:ð Using the words in contexts to show the meaning.

(5) By association of ideas:ð like (comparing words with their opposites – synonyms – simple definitions – meaningful descriptions).

? When all the above techniques have failed, the teacher is advised to translate.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step four: Practicing the new vocabulary and structures:

@ The teacher can introduce many meaningful activities at this stage, avoiding "the Mechanical repetition and rote drill work ". He can use blackboard illustrations and posters. There are many strategies of practicing, like:

? Pair Practice:ð the class can be divided into two teams, facing each other: one team can ask questions and the other can answer.

? Group practice:ð can be under the supervision of the teacher.

? Chorus work of short duration:ð is an economical method of practicing in a large class.

? Calling some boys in front of the class asking them to write on the board, or lead the class turn by turn is an interesting activity.

? The learning games can be introduced.

? Practice can be given by asking pupils to make new words or match the vocabulary or compare and contrast the given material.

@ Moral encouragement and social approval are helpful ways of arousing enthusiasm in the class.

? We can add challenge and creative questions to the practice exercises.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 5: Reading and Writing:

@ The learners can be asked to read the lesson orally in the class. Students can be randomly selected for this purpose. Oral reading will provide further practice in pronunciation and intonation.

@ In addition to reading from the textbook, the teacher can use flash cards for promoting reading skills.

@ In case the text is difficult, the teacher can give a model reading. A tape can be used as a model to be followed by oral reading by boys.

@ Pronunciation mistakes can be written on the blackboard and can be corrected at the end of one's reading.

@ On the other hand, writing can be practiced by giving some exercises in the textbooks.

@ The teacher must do spot-checking while the boys are writing. He must correct the common mistakes collectively and guide his learners individually, as well.

@ If the exercise is not completed in the class, the same can be assigned to learners as homework.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 6: Revision and Recapitulation:

@ Teacher should revise the lesson at least 5 minutes before the ringing of the bell, by asking suitable comprehension questions or inviting the students to have a dialogue or showing the flash cards to the learners to identify the learned vocabulary etc. By revising the lesson, teacher will have a feeling a satisfaction and the boys will have a sense of accomplishment too.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 7: Homework:

@ Towards the end of the class, the teacher should not forget to assign homework to the learners. If not daily, at least two assignments a week should become a policy of the teacher.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Step 8: Audio visual Aids:

@ The teacher can use such material which could help him make his lesson interesting and effective e.g. the posters, the flash cards, the illustrations, the pictures, the real objects or their models, the tapes … etc.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Some helpful suggestions for teachers in lesson planning and lesson delivering:

(1) Lesson plan should be written in advance and not after delivering the lesson just to show it to the headmaster or the supervisor.

(2) Use of audio-visual aids should be considered, if required.

(3) The language should be taught as one whole and all the four skills should be given in the course of teaching.

(4) "Interest is key to success."ð The teacher should try to avoid boredom. Whenever he find signs of boredom on students' faces, he should change his activity immediately.

(5) The teachers must try their best to make their students active in the lesson. This can be done by varying activities.

(6) The teacher should use extensive use of blackboard and do his best in handwriting and artistic skills.

(7) The teacher should have a keen sense of proportion and distribute his time over various steps judiciously. He should ensure that no skill is ignored and no aspect of the lesson is left out.

Important characteristics of good lesson planning:

v Variety:

@ Routine teaching brings monotony and causes demotivation, and similarity of activities makes boys dull.

@ Variety can promote interest and kill boredom.

@ Changing techniques of teaching, using varied devices, and bringing some outside materials can ameliorate the boring situation which faces the unimaginative teacher.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Flexibility:

@ It means the ability to use any number of different techniques and not to stick to one particular method or activity rigidly. So that, the teacher should always be flexible and never become a slave of either the textbook or any method or approach.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Balance:

@ This means giving attention to all the four skills in a particular lesson, unless the objectives of a lesson demand otherwise.

@ Balance should be created between:

1. teacher's presentation and class practice.

2. oral work and written work.

3. learners' reception and reproduction.

4. controlled work and free work.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

v Activities:

@ It means what generally the students are going to do or should do in order to learn or practice a certain element of the lesson.

@ Activities like; listening to a story, writing a paragraph, conversation, chorus work, using flash cards, pics…, listening to the tape, singing, clapping, team competition, learning games, oral reading, silent reading ….. etc.

v Use of mother tongue:

@ Using mother tongue in English classes is generally considered obsolete ND Undesirable. So that, the teachers are asked to teach English through the medium of English and to avoid the intervention of the mother tongue. That because language is a skill and the only way to learn the language is by practicing it.

@ The teachers should stop the policy of translating each and every English word in Arabic and leave its use to translation of only difficult abstract words.

@ Concrete nouns, action verbs, and most of the adjectives and adverbs can easily be taught by actions, gestures, demonstration and by showing objects, models and pictures.

@ However, use of Arabic cannot be completely debarred from the English classroom; its use can be brought to bare minimum. All cautions commands and simple instructions should be given in English right from the first day and Arabic should be used only when it is a must and no alternative is left to the teachers.

Finished

( on 13^th of June )

Rest

Prepared by/ Mr. Ahmed Sayed Taha

( The teacher of English in El-Azhar )

مع انه مش فاهم حاجه

واذا كان فيه دبلومه حتبقى بالانجليزى ربنا يستر

فى تلك الحالتين جزاك الله خيرا